MCA Project 4#
CUSTOMER CARE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT IN ASP NET
BCA MCA Bsc B tech CS information technology
final year project
Final report- Available - Click on the Project link to reviewCourse Code : CS-70FRONTEND - C # AND .NET FRAMEWORK
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BCA MCA Bsc B tech CS information technology
final year project
Synopsis- Available- Click on the Project link above to review
Course Title : Introduction to Software Engineering
Assignment Number : BCA (5)-70/Assignment/ 2009
Maximum Marks : 25
Last date of Submission : 30th April, 2009/30th October, 2009
There are four questions in this assignment. Answer all the questions. You may use illustrations and diagrams to enhance your explanations.
Q. 1 Define the term “Software Engineering”. (3 marks)
Q. 2 Explain various phases of a Software Development Life Cycle (5 marks)
Q. 3 Perform all the phases of Software Development Life Cycle for the development
of software that can add, subtract, multiply two matrices. (15 marks)
Q. 4 What is meant by a “real time system” ? (2 marks)
Course Code : CS-71
Course Title : Computer Oriented Numerical Techniques
Assignment Number : BCA (5)-70/Assignment/ 2009
Maximum Marks : 25
Last date of Submission : 30th April, 2009/ 30th October, 2009
This assignment is having five questions. Answer all the questions.
Q. 1 If is approximated as 3.14, find the absolute error, relative error and relative percentage error. (5marks)
Q. 2 The functions below have roots in the intervals which are specified on their right sides. Compute the roots of these functions in each of the intervals to an assured three significant figures by use of bisection method:
(i) ex- 3x, on (0,1) and (1,2)
(ii) x2 - - 2 on (1,2)
(iii) lnx+ - 2 on (1,2)
(5 marks)
Q. 3 Find smallest positive root of e-x-cos(x)=0 by fixed point method.
(5marks)
Q. 4 Solve the following systems of simultaneous linear equations using Gauss elimination method and Gauss-Seidel Method
(i) 2x4+3x2+7x3=12
4x1+5x2-12x3= -3
x1- 4x2+5x3=12
(ii) x1+2x2+3x3=8
4x1- 6x2+3x3= -5
2x1+4x2+9x3=19
(5 marks)
Q.5 Find a real root of the equation 4x3 + 3x2 - 4x - 5= 0 using bisection method. Perform three reiterations.
(5marks)
cs-70
Q. 1 Define the term “Software Engineering”.
Ans1:
Software engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable
approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software, and the study of
these approaches. That is the application of engineering to software. [1]
The term software engineering first appeared in the 1968 NATO Software Engineering
Conference and was meant to provoke thought regarding the current "software crisis" at
the time.[2] Since then, it has continued as a profession and field of study dedicated to
creating software that is of higher quality, cheaper, maintainable, and quicker to build.
Since the field is still relatively young compared to its sister fields of engineering, there is
still much work and debate around what software engineering actually is, and if it
deserves the title engineering. It h as grown organically out of the limitations of viewing
software as just programming. Software development is a term sometimes preferred by
practitioners in the industry who view software engineering as too heavy-handed and
constrictive to the malleable process of creating software.
Q. 2 Explain various phases of a Software Development Life Cycle (5 marks)
ANS2:
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Model
This is also known as Classic Life Cycle Model (or) Linear Sequential Model (or)
Waterfall Me thod. This model has the following activities.
1. System/Information Engineering and Modeling
As software is always of a large system (or business), work begins by establishing the
requirements for all system elements and then allocating some subset of these
requirements to software. This system view is
essential when the software must interface with other elements such as hardware, people
and other resources. System is the basic and very critical requirement for the existence of
software in any entity. So if the system is not in place, the system should be engineered
and put in place. In some cases, to extract the maximum output, the system should be reengineered
and spruced up. Once the ideal system is engineered or tuned, the
development team studies the software requirement for the system.
2. Software Requirement Analysis
This process is also known as feasibility study. In this phase, the development team
visits the customer and studies their system. They investigate the need for possible
software automation in the given system. By th e end of the feasibility study, the team
furnishes a document that holds the different specific
re commendations for the candidate system. It also includes the personnel
assignments, costs, project
schedule, target dates etc.... The requirement gathering process is intensified and
focussed specially on software. To understand the nature of the program(s) to be built, the
system engineer or
"Analyst" must understand the information domain for the software, as well as required
function, behavior, performance and interfacing. The essential purpose of this phase is to
find the need and to define the problem that needs to
be solved .
3. System Analysis and Design
In this phase, the software development process, the software's overall structure and its
nuances are defined. In terms of the client/server technology, the number of tiers needed
for the package architecture, the database design, the data structure design etc... are all
defined in this phase. A software development
model is thus created. Analysis and Design are very crucial in the whole development
cycle. Any glitch in the design phase could be very expensive to solve in the later stage
of the software development. Much care is taken during this phase. Th e logical system of
the product is developed in this phase.
4. Code Generation
The design must be translated into a machine-readable form. The code generation step performs
this task. If the design is performed in a detailed manner, code generation can be accomplished
without much complication. Programming tools like compilers, interpreters, debuggers etc... are
used to generate the code. Different high level programming languages like C, C++, Pascal, Java
are used for coding. With respect to the type of application, the right programming language is chosen.
5. Testing
Once the code is generated, the software program testing begins. Different testing methodologies
are ava ilable to unravel the bugs that were committed during the previous phases. Different
testing tools and methodologies are already available. Some companies build their own testing
tools that are tailor made for their own development operations.
6. Maintenance
The software will definitely undergo change once it is delivered to the customer. There can be
many reasons for this change to occur. Change could happen because of some unexpected input
values into the system. In addition, the changes in the system could directly affect the software
operations. The software should be developed to accommodate changes that could happen during
the post implementation period.
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B. Prototyping Model
This is a cyclic version of the linear model. In this model, once the requirement analysis is done
and the design for a prototype is made, the development process gets started. Once the prototype
is created, it is given to the customer for evaluation. The customer tests the package and gives
his/her feed back to the developer wh o refines the product according to the customer's exact
expectation . Afte r a finite numb er of iterations, the final softwa re package is given to the
customer. In this methodology, the software is evolved as a result of periodic shuttling of
information between the customer and developer. This is the most
popular development model in the contemporary IT industry. Most of the successful
software products
have been developed using this model - as it is very difficult (even for a wh iz kid!) to
comprehend all the requirements of a customer in one shot. There are many variations of this
model skewed with respect to the project management styles of the companies. New versions of
a software product evolve as a result of prototyping.
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C. Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model
The RAD modelis a linear sequential software development process that emphasizes an
extremely short development cycle. The RAD model is a "high speed" adaptation of the linear
sequential mo del in which rapid development is achieved by using a component-based
construction approach. Used primarily for information systems applications, the RAD approach
encompasses the following phases:
1. Business modeling
The information flow among business functions is modeled in a way that answers the following
questions:
What information drives the business process?
What information is generated?
Who generates it?
Where does the information go?
Who processes it?
2. Data modeling
The information flow defined as part of the business modeling phase is refined into a set of data
objects that are needed to support the business. The characteristic (called attributes) of each
object is identified and the relationships between these objects are defined.
3. Process modeling
The data objects defined in the data-modeling phase are transformed to achieve the information
flow necessary to implement a business function. Processing the descriptions are created for
adding, modifying, deleting, or retrieving a data object.
4. Application generation
The RAD model assumes the use of the RAD tools like VB, VC++, Delphi etc... rather than
creating software using conventional third generation programming languages. The RAD model
works to reuse existing program components (when possible) or create reusable components
(when necessary). In all cases, automated tools are used to facilitate construction of the
software.
5. Testing and turnover
Since the RAD process emphasizes reuse, many of the program components have already been
tested. This minimizes the testing and development time.
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D. Component Assembly Model
Object technologies provide the technical framework for a component-based process model
for software engineering. The object oriented paradigm emphasizes the creation of classes
that encapsulate both data and the algorithm that are used to manipulate the data. If
properly designed and implemented, object oriented classes are reusable across different
applicationsand computer based system architectures. Component Assembly Model leads
to software reusability. The integration/assembly of the already e xisting software
components accelerate the development process. Now adays many c omponent libraries are
Conclusion
All these different software development models have their own advantages and
disadvantages. Nevertheless, in the contemporary commercial software development world,
the fusion of all these Methodologies is incorporated. Timing is very crucial in software
development. If a delay happens in the development phase, the market could be taken over
by the competitor. Also if a 'bug' filled product is launched in a short period of time
(quicker than the competitors), it may affect the re putation of the company. So, there
should be a tradeoff between the development time and the quality of the product.
Customers don't expect a bug free product but they expect a user-friendly
product. That results in Customer Ecstasy
Q. 3 Perform all the phases of Software Development Life Cycle for the development
of software that can add, subtract, multiply two matrices.
ANS3:
SDLC Overview
In a rapidly changing world people’ s needs are also changing rapidly. From simple additions
to their car engines to a new technology that should be launched online people will always lack
something. It is for this reason that you will always find experts from different fields working
on new ideas everyday. The software industry is no...
Software Development Plans
The SDLC Model SDLC or Systems Development Life Cycle is an acknowledged software
development model that involves different stages. In the UK this process is known as the
Systems Life Cycle” or the SLC. Whatever the name is it composes different stages that start
with project planning and a feasibility study. Billion dollar companies...
What is Software Development Life Cycle?
What is Software Development Life Cycle In this chapter we’ ll be looking on SDLC as a tool
for
development what are the factors for its proper implementation and special section on
software security from the point of view of SDLC. These topics will guide us in knowing the
important of SDLC in a web developer or programmers life which will...
SDLC Model Basic Stages
SDLC or the Software Development Life Cycle refers to the steps involved in creating a
software from scratch. During earlier days software used to be scarce and its creation was
comparatively easier. Developers could create any programs they want and experience no
competition. In present time every software released to the public can easily....
consultation creation testing documentation and launching. This pattern is seen in most
development software. Since it’ s planned right from the start it should be efficient as planned.
When the plan is properly executed everything will work as...
Rapid Application Development
What is RAD One of the conveniences of developing software is that it is not a physical tool
that can be lost once it gets developed or manufactured. Codes are used to implement the
software and it does not disappear together with the product. We can re-use the code all over
again in another software. We just make a little change in the interface...
Component Assembly Model
Introduction Before the concept of SDLC different software programs were built to cater to
different business and consumer needs. That was decades ago and it’ s safe to say that
millions of programs have been created for different reasons for different needs. Developers
always work on a language to create programs with different needs. Much...
What is the necessity of SDLC?
Software Development Life Cycle SDLC is observed by different website and software
developers all over the world. However there’ s always a question of the need to implement
this type of planning. We all know that SDLC could help us answer specific needs of different
users. That is a given. But could that problem be answered when you are already...
Stages in SDLC
SDLC is all about stages and phases. Software development is not just creating another
program to be used by the general public or a business. The demands for proper software are
on the rise and developers are one of the highest paying professionals today. In the early days
the need for software was only limited to people who wanted to try something...
What is Systems Development Life Cycle
Introduction Developers worldwide will agree that building software takes more than just
writing complex codes and implementing them in an environment. Developers usually start out
their career in programming by developing programs or software according to their own plan
and hope that someone will appreciate it. But once the developer is associated...
Project Planning and Feasibility Study
Building a software takes more than just simple coding job nowadays. There are so many
stages that the developer has to go through just to make sure a software is built according to
the need of the public or to the intended end-users. Software are now more than just simple
encoding and updating of information it is a complex process without which...
System Analysis and Requirements
In the previous chapter we’ ve discussed about project planning and feasibility study. That
stage was important because it tries to establish a problem in our highly technological world.
As our understanding on what we can do in computers evolve and so are the things that we
need to make them work. Research will us an idea about present day requirements...
Systems Design
In previous chapter we discussed system analysis and requirements stage in SDLC where
everything was laid out on papers. SDLC makes sure that there is an actual need for the
software being developed. Developers need to think of this first especially in a business
System Implementation
In the previous articles relating to SDLC Stages we discussed about Project Planning and
Feasibility Study moved on to System Analysis and Requirements which lead to Systems
Design. Systems Design will naturally lead to another stage where it becomes closer to the
actual deployment of the planned software. Since the design is already there developers...
Testing and Integration
Once the software is complete it will go though rigorous testing before its actual integration.
In this article we will take a look at different types of software testing and also different types
of integration. With the diversity of business setting and software development models it also
warrants different types of testing and integration...
Software Acceptance and Installation
In this article we will take a look at step by step process of accepting and installation of
software. While systems design planning and coding are important this phase of SDLC will determine if the program created will actually work and is beneficial for the company or not.
Taking cue from previous article this time the user’ s perspective...
Software Maintenance
Management Maintenance vs. SDLC Maintenance The best way we can define maintenance in
SDLC is to differentiate the developers meaning of maintenance against management’ s idea
of SDLC. In management maintenance will always be a reaction to a problem. The only time
management will become functional is when there is a situation that needs to...
SDLC Methodology Steps
Although SDLC has different forms and models it follows certain steps. These steps could have
the same name in one methodology but they are treated in a different manner or could lead to
something different. We will take a look at some of the common steps that you will find in
most methodologies in SDLC. There are SDLC models that have been created...
SDLC for Web Development
SDLC Introduction SDLC or Software Development Life Cycle deals with online programs or
computer software. Different types of designs were created to cater to the need of individual
programmers with different set of skills demands or business environment. As the name
suggests it is only limited to creating software. However our world is not all...
Q. 4 What is meant by a “real time system” ? (2 marks)
ANS4:
Occurring immediately. The term is used to describe a number of different
computer features. For example, real-time operating systems are systems that respond to
input immediately. They are used for such tasks as navigation, in which the computer
must react to a steady flow of new information without interruption. Most generalpurpose
operating systems are not real-time because they can take a few seconds, or even
minutes, to react.
Real time can also refer to events simulated by a computer at the same speed that they
would occur in real life. In graphics animation, for example, a real-time program would
display objects moving across the screen at the same speed that they would actually
move.
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